Pakistan's mango industry is facing a severe setback as erratic weather patterns disrupt production of the prized Chaunsa variety, raising concerns over exports and livelihoods.

Farmers in South Punjab-particularly in Rahim Yar Khan, Multan, Muzaffargarh and Khanewal-report widespread crop damage following an unusual rise in temperatures in early March. The sudden heat disrupted the flowering and fruit-setting cycle, preventing blossoms from developing into fruit.

Growers say that while mango trees initially produced abundant blossom, the critical stage of fruit formation failed due to poor cross-pollination caused by fluctuating weather. Instead, much of the blossom turned into 'bator', a harmful formation that does not yield fruit and weakens the tree.

According to local farmers, 'bator' clusters not only block fruit development but also create conditions favourable for pests. These formations can grow large and persist, potentially affecting future harvests. The situation has been compounded by erratic shifts between heat and cooler conditions, which have triggered pest attacks, particularly from mango hoppers.

Producers warn that pest infestations may intensify if weather instability continues. Even with increased pesticide use, controlling these outbreaks remains difficult once they spread within affected clusters, reducing both output and export quality.

South Punjab forms the backbone of Pakistan's mango production, with the Chaunsa variety widely recognised for its quality and export value. The sector supports a broad network of farmers, labourers and exporters, making the current disruption economically significant.

Industry voices are calling for urgent adaptation measures, including improved pest management, climate-resilient farming practices and timely advisory support. Without intervention, continued climatic volatility could undermine production and weaken Pakistan's standing in global mango markets.